The Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison Essay - 1613 Words

Most people have expectations to live up to and guidelines on how they should act. These expectations and guidelines vary from person to person, but often members of the same race are subject to the same expectations. Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man explores the intersections of race and power, especially in a society that is very community oriented, as seen when the actions of an individual are reflected on other members of the race as well. Although Ellison’s protagonist â€Å"the Invisible Man† and other black men described in the novel, on several occasions behave how they are supposed to, however their superiors are never quite satisfied and often their actions are in vain. Due to this repeated occurrence, Ellison’s novel analyzes the social hierarchies that are present within the races of black and white, how these expectations are insatiable. When asked to show college trustee Mr. Norton around campus, to Dr. Bledsoe, Invisible lacked vital kno wledge in the way blacks should treat whites. In an effort to please, both Mr. Norton and Dr. Bledsoe, Invisible decides to drive Mr. Norton wherever he pleases, even though he is reluctant to let him speak with Trueblood, a sharecropper who assaulted his daughter and take him to the Golden Day, a bar composed of mentally ill patients. Upon arriving back at the college, Invisible is questioned by Bledsoe who is outraged that Invisible let Norton see everything that he did. When Bledsoe begins blaming Invisible, Invisible says,Show MoreRelatedInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1366 Words   |  6 Pagesfighter left standing, amidst unbridled carnage. The titular narrator of Ralph Ellison s novel Invisible Man, is no stranger to those experiences. In the beginning, he is forced to fight several other black boxers for the amusement of many heckling, white spectators. Through the imaginative use of objects, symbols, allusions, and the actions, thoughts, and purposes of the spectators, pugi lists and risquà © entertainment, Ellison seeks to express a powerful image of American race relations and womenRead MoreInvisible, Invisible Man, By Ralph Ellison1994 Words   |  8 PagesInvisible Race and Gender in Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison In Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the unnamed narrator shows us through the use motifs and symbols how racism and sexism negatively affect the social class and individual identity of the oppressed people. Throughout the novel, the African American narrator tells us the story of his journey to find success in life which is sabotaged by the white-dominated society in which he lives in. Along his journey, we are also shown how the patriarchyRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1246 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor of Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison, was born March 1st, 1914, and died April 16, 1994. He was born in Oklahoma City and named after Ralph Waldo Emerson, a famous journalist and poet. When Ellison was 3, his father died of a work-related accident, leaving his mother to care for him and his younger brother. As a young boy, he always wanted to major in music, and he went to Tuskegee University to become a composer and performer of music. The summer before his senior year in college, Ellison went toRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison Essay2164 Words   |  9 Pagestrying to rebel against the status quo. Protest literature emerged from the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920’s to 1930’s. Protest literature is used to address real socio-political issues and express objections against them. In his novel, The Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison exposes the racism in society by focusing on the culture, in regards to the expected assimilation of African Americans and how the time period largely influenced the mistreatment of the African American population. He also uses symbolsRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1277 Words   |  6 PagesInvisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, is a story about a young African American man whose color renders him invisible. The theme of racism as a hurdle to individual identity is present throughout the story in a variety of examples. From the beginning of the novel the theme of identity is evident as the narrator states, †Å"All my life I had been looking for something, and everywhere I turned someone tried to tell me what I was† (Ellison, p. 1254). In the midst of living in a racist American society the speakersRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison909 Words   |  4 PagesInvisible Man by Ralph Ellison is a novel which embodies the universal theme of self-discovery, of the search to figure out who one truly is in life which we all are embarked upon. Throughout the text, the narrator is constantly wondering about who he really is, and evaluating the different identities which he assumes for himself. He progresses from being a hopeful student with a bright future to being just another poor black laborer in New Your City to being a fairly well off spokesperson for aRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison977 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review: Invisible Man Invisible Man is an American Literature novel published by Ralph Ellison in 1952. The novel traces the experiences of a young college black man growing up in Harlem, New York. Attempting to succeed in a predominantly white society, the narrator encounters shocks and disillusionments from being expelled from college to hiding in an underground hole to protect himself from the people above. He lives a repressed life as an â€Å"Invisible Man† for he believes that society ignoresRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1032 Words   |  5 Pageslike modern society some people leads, and others will follow. Subjects will conditionally generate their own ideas and realize these ideas rather than just be assigned tasks that question their beliefs. The author Ralph Ellison illustrates it best. Ellison’s realistic fiction Invisible Man perpetuates the manifestation of manipulation over the minorities in this society. As the narrator embraces every identity he has been given, h e starts to become more independent, and a leader in his community. Read MoreThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison3051 Words   |  13 Pagesportrayed through the narrator’s, the invisible man, journey through life. The problems with society are foreshadowed by the racism and the symbols of the color white presented in the paint plant. â€Å"The Invisible Man† by Ralph Ellison depicts the African Americans struggle to be viewed as an equal member of society through the narrators struggles through life to discover his individuality or place in society while the white man or the community conspires to â€Å"keep the black man down†. The story follows theRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1481 Words   |  6 PagesInvisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, published in 1952. It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans in the early twentieth century. This includes black nationalism, the relationship between black identity a nd Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity. The grandson of slaves, Ralph Ellison was born in 1914 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and was raised in Tulsa, Oklahoma. His

Western Cultural Imperialism During African History

Western cultural imperialism in Africa was one of the greatest events in African history. British colonists, referred to in the novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† as the white men, felt morally obligated to go to Africa and civilize the African community because of the concept of the white man’s burden. At the time of the novel, England had a viceroyalty government. The queen of England sent a missionary, Mr. Brown, along with other white men to civilize the African clan that was made up of nine villages. In â€Å"Things Fall Apart† Chinua Achebe shows how Western cultural imperialism was able to penetrate the African community by showing the African people the better sides of Christianity, gaining an understanding of the African culture, forcibly taking away the their power, then stripping them of their cultural identity. Mr. Brown attracted the African villagers by showing them the positive aspects of Christianity in compensation to their religion and their beliefs in multiple gods. Mr. Brown led them to believe that the one Christian god was more powerful than their multiple gods. He proved this to them when the white men first asked for a piece of land to build their church on, and the villagers gave them the evil forest. The villagers thought the land would cause the white men to die within days but as days went by the white men had not died. Many Africans began to convert . Mr. Brown proved to the Africans that their gods would not kill them for breaking their spiritual rules, andShow MoreRelatedChange and Continuity738 Words   |  3 PagesChiquita Granville Friday, April 13th, 2012 Deborah Heckwolf A.P. World History – 8th period Triangular trade and Erie Canal also started during this period creating a bigger market to produce. Trade between nations on a global scale has changed through our history dramatically with transportation. Concepts that distinguish 1750 – 1900 from previous eras in world history included: industrialization, imperialism, and nationalism Basically, industrialization helped change the production ofRead MoreImperialism as a Source of Many Conflicts throughout History658 Words   |  3 PagesImperialism a source of most if not all conflicts throughout history. No matter the century or time period, the start of all wars, battles, and conflicts all draw their roots back to imperialism. Imperialism have had great impacts on nations and brought many changes to societies and their cultures. It has impacted on people lives and how they live. It has affected our societies to this day and shaped or helped create foundations for our countries and cultures that we have today. Imperialism beganRead MoreWestern Imperialism Influence on African Culture1132 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 2013 Impact of Western Imperialism on the African Community Western imperialism, though it has its good qualities, essentially led to the breakdown and ending of the African community. Their religion, new language, and political knowledge and power make it impossible for both communities to exist together. The most apparent form of cultural imperialism from the West in Things Fall Apart are the differences in the law making systems of the village and the western missionaries. In chapterRead MoreImpact Of Imperialism On The Middle East, Africa, And Asia1287 Words   |  6 PagesImperialism is defined as a policy of extending a country s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Countries during the Industrial Revolution wanted to imperialize due to social, political, and economic reasons. As early as the mid 1800’s, the European countries craved the idea of power and conquering new lands in order to obtain resources/raw materials. They took over Africa, the Ottoman Empire, India, and Southeast Asia due to this as well as for their convenient location. TheyRead MoreEssay The Phenomenon of Cultural Globalization747 Words   |  3 Pagesphenomenon that has replaced the Cold War system. Concerning cultural globalization, the two main dimensions that make up this so cial state are media and communications, as well as religious responses, such as the ideology of fundamentalism. This specific literary work will concentrate on the significant dimension of the media. The media is acknowledged as one of the most influential social institutions, when referencing to cultural globalization. The mass media generally includes the radioRead MoreEssay On Cultural Imperialism1526 Words   |  7 PagesThe primary objective of this chapter is to explore the cries of cultural imperialism, how this operates through the comics as those of The Phantom by Lee Falk, Flash Gordon by Alex Raymond and Tintin by Herge and how they have discovered more prominent support from overseas readers, both as daily paper/magazine comics series and also in the form of comic books. In no place has these comics been appreciated more enthusiastically than in Australia, India and Sweden and the other earstwhile colonisedRead MoreConsequences Of Colonization Of Africa1599 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the19th century to the start of the 20th century, Africa was at the mercy of Europe imperialism. Politics and economics led powerful European nations to colonize the continent of Af rica. What was later coined as â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†, led powerful nations to aggressively take over the continent and exploit its materials, people, and land. The European powers that took control of most of Africa included Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The continent was dividedRead MoreEssay on Imperialism1578 Words   |  7 Pages Imperialism Imperialism Throughout time more powerful countries have extended their influence over weaker countries and then colonized those countries to expand their own power. Imperialism causes the stronger countries to grow and become nations or even empires. There are many examples throughout European history of nations enveloping weaker countries and increasing their own wealth and power to form strong nation-states and even empires. Through imperialism one culture is invading anotherRead Morecolonialism1163 Words   |  5 Pagescolonialism? The colonial era lasted for 50-80 years in most African countries and left a lasting legacy. But many years pass before the definitive balance of its legacy can be properly struck. On the one hand, it is easy to see the destructive forces that were set loose; on the other hand, there was also a record of high-minded devotion and desire to serve the interest of the people who had come under foreign rule. Although Western countries had been in contact with Africa since the 16th centuryRead MoreCross Cultural Project : Puerto Rican924 Words   |  4 PagesTania Darosa Professor Livingstone Introduction to Cross-Cultural Project 9-30-15 Puerto Rican is the populations and residents of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is a multi-ethnic state where home is different ethnic to people and nationwide backgrounds, but the result of some Puerto Ricans does not luxury their population as an ethnicity, but as a nationality with numerous civilizations and nationwide backgrounds including the Puerto Rican people. Puerto Rican is and notwithstanding its multi-ethnic structure

Council kills 2 grants to visual arts centers sex, quality at issue in panel

Council kills 2 grants to visual arts centers: sex, quality at issue in panel-picked applications Essay The National Council on the Arts, the presidentially appointed advisory body for the National Endowment for the Arts, set off yet another NEA controversy in late January when it overturned two Visual Arts grants that had been recommended by the peer review panel. The Franklin Furnace Archive, a New York avant-garde art center, was denied a $25,000 grant for its upcoming visual arts program. ming while Highways, a Los Angeles gallery, lost a recommended $5,000 grant, as a result of sexually explicit materials submitted with their applications. After viewing 15 minutes of a 70-minute tape of performance artist Scarlet Os appearance at the space, the council voted 17-1 to reject the Franklin Furnace grant application. Im a champion of the avant-garde and respond to whats going on sexually today, said council member Wendy Luers, but the tape had no artistic merit. Had it been someones work like Mapplethorpe I would have been bleeding down the table to support it, because it would have been artistically significant. If Martha chose to submit that video, she did it for a reason. And I had no choice other than to vote against it. The Highways gallery grant was overturned by a closer 10-7 vote with one abstention. The 25 photographs that had been submitted with the gallerys application were felt by the council to be of mixed quality and raised questions about the quality of judgment about work the gallery might present in the future. Poet and council member Donald Hall, the sole council member who voted against rejecting the Franklin Furnace grant, defended the panels recommendation during the council session, saying, I would actually prefer to follow the panel and that is what I think the honorable thing is to do. To act out of fear of what will be said of us is beneath our dignity and beneath the dignity of the arts. If we have panels which are making aesthetic judgments, who are themselves chosen because they have the knowledge within their own fields, I think we should trust them and stand behind them, believing that their judgments are better informed than our own. The Visual Arts Program panel that initially recommended the grants saw only two minutes of the Scarlet O videotape submitted by Franklin Furnace. The panel did not view the entire tape because they did not consider a performance tape relevant to a visual arts application. But panel chairman Renny Pritikin, director of a San Francisco exhibition space, told the Washington Post that he didnt think the sexual content would have bothered the panelists. Pritikin sent a letter of protest to the council, suggesting that the grant should not have been overturned on the basis of the videotape alone regardless of its artistic merit, but that the application in its entirety should have been considered. The federal budget for  fiscal year 93 that President Bush presented to Congress in late January included the Administrations appropriation request of $176 million for the NEA, an amount that would maintain federal arts funding at the 1992 appropriation level. In contrast, the National Endowment for the Humanities received a request for $187.1 million for 1993 a 6.3 percent increase for the agency that would for the first time, raise the annual budget for the NEH above that for the NEA. In accordance with the Endowments three-year reauthorization legislation passed in 1990, the 1993 budget request includes a 5 percent increase in funds allocated to state arts agencies for bloc grants and underserved communities, bringing the total funds distributed to state arts agencies to 35 percent of all NEA program funds, up from the 20 percent earmarked for the states in 1990. The proposed budget also reflects support for the NEAs funding priorities: arts education; expanding opportunities for international programs; increasing access to the arts through support for presenting organizations; and stabilizing arts institutions by way of major Challenge grants. The play "Merchant of Venice" EssayBRIEFLY NOTED   In response to a letter from Theatre Communications Group supporting the inclusion of language stressing the contribution of the arts in President Bushs AMERICA 2000 educational strategy, the U.S. Department of Education has asserted that the arts are already sufficiently emphasized. A return letter from the DOE points out that one of the six new national education goals that comprise the strategy makes clear that competency is sought in a variety of challenging subjects, which must include the five core subjects but does not exclude others, such as the arts and music. The letter also pointed out that the department has received funding to develop an assessment system to measure the progress of the AMERICA 2000 plan and the learning of school-age children in the areas of music, visual arts, theatre and dance. The Philadelphia City Council passed a law in December t the Philadelphia Cultural Fund, a nonprofit corporation which will provide financial support for arts and cultural institutions and activities. Although there is no current funding for the plan and despite an anticipated five-year budget for the city which would severely limit new spending   there are indications that some modest funds might be forthcoming for the new authority. In a rare bit of good news for New York cultural institutions, Mayor David N. Dinkins recently released a preliminary four-year financial plan for New York City which includes drastic cuts to many city agencies, but contains no cuts in funding to the Department of Cultural Affairs. Although the budget for the city arts agency was reduced nearly 30 percent in fiscal 92, the new plan maintains the current arts-funding level, stating, In recognition of the importance of the citys cultural institutions and their education programs, the beneficial impact they have on the local economy, and the effects of the reductions taken in previous years, the plan contains no further expense reductions during the four-year period. The New York State Council on the Arts new planning committee, appointed by chairman Kitty Carlisle Hart, has determined that, despite 1992 funding cuts, a basic minimum of audits and staff site visits must be provided to maintain the integrity of the councils work. While certain funding categories will be eliminated and funds available will be reduced, the committee plans to continue the councils recognition of the importance of general operating support to arts organizations and to ensure that projects initiated by individual artists will continue to be funded. As a means of dealing with the cutbacks, the council plans to extend multiyear grants and limit the number of separate requests an applicant organization can make in a given year. The city of Providence, R.I. has agreed to loan Trinity Repertory Company $1.2 million in federal funding to be repaid over a 20-year period. The loan, which is believed to be the largest city-backed loan of its kind made to a nonprofit theatre, will come from the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development and will be guaranteed by the city and collaterized by the theatres building and land. In addition to the HUD loan, a consortium of local banks will make a short-term loan of $225,000 to Trinity, also to be guaranteed by the city, to meet immediate cash flow needs.

Internet Marketing free essay sample

The internet has become a key factor in the success of a lot of businesses in recent years. In the following assignment I am going to explain how internet marketing has made Tesco’s business more efficient, effective and successful. Efficient; Definition; Efficiency is the comparison of what is actually produced or performed by the business with what can actually be achieved with the same consumption of resources (money, time, labour, etc. ). By removing the distributor or wholesaler businesses like Tesco are â€Å"cutting out the middleman† which allows Tesco to work with customers directly from the internet. Opportunities to increase sales from existing customers; Tesco realise that there are opportunities to increase sales from customers that are already shopping with their organisation, they can do so by promoting new products into new markets or improving sales within the markets they already serve. Opportunities to monitor Competitor activity; Tesco can use the internet to monitor competitors activity, these competitors include, Asda and Marks amp; Spensors, Tesco can view their competitors website and see what changes they have made to gain the interest of the customers and what products and services they are offering bargains for. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Opportunities to buy online promotion; Businesses can pay for search engine advertising which means that their company logo will appear as soon as the user searches for a relevant search to the business. Reduces cost; By using the internet and setting up a website, Tesco saves its company valuable funds on advertising as setting up a website is very cost effective. Reduces waste; As Tesco will not need as many outlets, they will not be producing unnecessary high amounts of waste from the organisations. Reduces the number of stores required by the business; By setting up a website Tesco don’t need to invest money into building new stores as the internet allows their products to be purchased, viewed and delivered globally. Eliminates the risk of bad debt; When customers purchase from Tesco online, they must first pay for the product before the transaction is made, this lowers the risk of debt Tesco. 24/7 availability; Tesco’s website means that customers can view their products and services on offer at any time of the day/month/year, which will prove to be convenient for customers who have responsibilities and cannot shop during shop opening times. + Effective; Definition; Effectiveness is considered when measuring the degree to which objectives are achieved and the extent to which targeted problems are solved. In contrast to efficiency, effectiveness is determined without reference to costs and, whereas efficiency means doing the thing right, effectiveness means doing the right thing. Widens target audience; Tescos website is viewable by any person that can access the internet, which means that their target audience will grow by a huge proportion. Allows the business to gather customer research; Tesco can gather information from customers that visit or shop from their website, they can gather information like contact details from surveys and they can contact the customer via e-mail or telephone to formally tell them about offers on products and services. Ability to respond to customer enquires/orders quickly; Tesco have a â€Å"contact us† section on their page which means that customers can find contact details instantly to get in touch with the business if they have any inquires. Ability to process orders 24/7; Having a website means that Tesco can make a transaction with customers at any time of the day, on any day of the year. More cost effective promotion; Tesco can use their website to promote products and services as detailed as they can, by putting up pictures and information about the product the customer has all they need to know before purchasing, this is a much more cost effective way of promoting. Successful; Definition; Success is considered with the achievement of an action within a specified period of time or within a specified parameter. Success can also mean completing an objective or reaching a goal. Success can be expanded to encompass an entire project or be restricted to a single component of a project or task. Helps business survive in an economic downturn; Businesses that are affected by recession may have to close stores and lay off staff but are still able to operate via their website. Compete better with competitors; The internet allows businesses like Tesco to compete better with its competitors, as the competitors allow anybody to view their website, Tesco can take advantage and monitor competitors success. Global audience; Having a website means that anyone can view your website from anywhere in the world at anytime, this helps businesses like Tesco try and attract new customers. Small businesses can compete equally with larger businesses; Small businesses starting off are given the punchers chance when they create a website, if there was no internet customers would probably follow the bigger more successful buildings and businesses. Internet Marketing free essay sample This is perhaps the biggest threat gained from the internet as standardised products have become easier to compare throughout online intermediaries like kelkoo(Chaffney 2006) However business have to view it as an opportunity rather than a threat. (Chaffney 2006)states the bargaining power of its suppliers is reduced since there is a wider choice and increased commoditisation due to e-procurement and e-marketplace. Companies can demand that supplier uses â€Å"Internet use of electronic data interchange†(Strauss et al 2006), in order to increase supply chain sufficiency and reduce costs. Substitution is on the increase since digital products can be introduced faster making it a steady threat as consumers have broader choices online. The replacing of online channels mean existing services are now on the net, I. e. online banking. The barriers to entry have declined, enabling new competitors that have previously required a high street presence to trade online, along with foreign competitors. All these factors must be monitored to avoid deterioration of market share. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The microenvironment is defined as â€Å"all stakeholder, organizations, and forces external to the organisation†(Strauss,2006) . Social Factors are one of the key trends effecting businesses, to date a vast majority of the population obtain access to the internet, however firms need to take into account when forecasting future demands that groups do not wish to have access and the shortage of demand for online services. Moreover firms need to think how to avoid social exclusion (Chaffney 2006) defined as social exclusion as part of society that is excluded from the facilities available to the remainder and so becomes isolated (Strauss, 2006) Digital inequality matters due to those without access and skills are loosing out on the benefits of the digital world and research shows a clear correlation between social and digital exclusion.

Personal Essay essays

Personal Essay essays My life has been influenced by many people but the most influential person in my life has to be the rapper, Slug, In atmosphere. He has had a large influence on my thought and my views on this earth. His lyrics have changed my thinking and realization of what life is really about. Slug has many meaningful songs that have made me think a lot about what my life is really about. The song called Vampires taught me about letting things go and not getting hung up on stupid and non-meaningful things. It makes me thing twice Before worrying about irrelevant things in my life that has no large meaning to me and it also helped me find that im not the only person in this world that has problems and that there are other people in this world in the same position that I am, it make me feel comforted and not alone which helps a lot in my confidence. Also, Another song by Slug Called Saves The Day The quote, But Im alive so I should be content, Then tell why the hell my whole world is bent Makes me feel that I should be grateful for what I have and be content with what I am given. With this quote it made me stop and think before I complain about anything that I have and whatever I am given I should be happy with it and take it for granted. It made me also realize that no on e has a terrible life there all good its just some people are more fortunate which we should be happy for but also we should be happy with what god gives us to work with. Slug is a major influence on the thoughts of my life and he has changed me in ways most people couldnt even fathom of doing. Also, Slugs lyrics in many songs have to do with relationships and love, and the wrong and the right of them. In A song Fuck You Lucy He talks about a defective relationship between himself and an ex-girlfriend which shows me that not all relationships are going to be good. I Wanna say fuck you Lucy cause I still lov ...

IS theories, are they emerged in IS disciplines or adopted from other Article

IS theories, are they emerged in IS disciplines or adopted from other disciplines - Article Example The field of Information System is dependent on knowledge and information concerning a world made up of physical systems, designed artifacts and human behavior (Gregory and Dennis, 2005, p.3). However, it is essential to ensure that only relevant knowledge is theorized, and in an integrated manner. Ideas may be retrieved from diverse disciplines; however this has to be done with an aim of focusing on the nature of information system and its uniqueness. A theory, according to Merriam-Webster (2004), can be said to be a hypothesis that is developed for the sake of an investigation. A discipline, on the other hand, may be referred to as a branch of learning or institution. This, however, does not mean that the disciplines are confined to only their areas of study. This supposition therefore means that Information Systems is by nature â€Å"single†. This, however, is not the case as Information System is regarded as â€Å"pluralistic† field. This is because it draws its kno wledge from other, different and more reputable disciplines. Some form of control should be established in each field to avoid cases where there’s no agreed upon area of teaching, practice or research. Such a case would result in incoherence and, low status for the discipline. A balance should be established to avoid total control or general incoherence of the discipline. Scoping Information System Applications in IT are now revolutionizing the way in which firms conduct their daily operations. Such changes have allowed researchers to contribute significantly towards helping the organizations to embrace thes changes. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) states that, the advances and changes in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are revolutionizing economic activities just like electricity, steam engine or the railways in the past (OECD, 2001). The progress made in computer technologies has today led to the rise of diverse areas of appli cation. This has, therefore, contributed to an increase in the role of IS while expanding its scope. This makes ICT technologies present in numerous and diverse areas such as governments, health sector, etc. According to Avison and Fitzgerald (2003, p. xi), information systems are â€Å"†¦ the effective design, delivery, use and impact of information technology in the organizations and society†. This definition touches on one of the significant aspects of IS, that is the creation of IT applications. It also identifies the fact that a broader attention rather than just technology applies in ICT applications. IS discipline has moved from it technology centered focus to other areas that include management, technology, social and organization. Information System is not entirely about technology nor is it a management field like put by Webster and Watson (2002). Information system is distinguishable from these disciplines due to the incorporation of artifacts in machine-human systems. According to Lee: â€Å"Research in the information systems field examines more than just the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact.† (2001, p. iii) This, therefore, goes to show that information system is the discipline that combines the knowledge of humans with that of physical objects. One can draw relations between Information System

To what extent was the final solution planned Essay

To what extent was the final solution planned - Essay Example While some people believe that this was a spontaneous decision made by Hitler, others believe that the process was systematically planned. The aim of this paper is to find out how far the Final Solution was planned. The investigation will cover what the Final Solution was, the debate of the decision, the extermination camps, and to what extent it was planned. It was right around 1942 when the plans of the Final Solution fully took hold, but over one million Jews had already been murdered. â€Å"It was only with the decision to eradicate the entire Jewish population that the extermination camps were built and industrialized mass slaughter of Jews began in earnest. This decision to systematically kill the Jews of Europe was made by the time of or at the Wannsee Conference, which took place in Berlin, in the Wannsee Villa on January 20, 1942. During the conference, there was a discussion held by a group of German Nazi officials to decide on the ‘Final Solution of the Jewish Question’† (Wikipedia 2008, p. 1). The extent to which the Final Solution was planned can be proven by documents that contain the minutes and other records of the Wannsee Conference. The Allies located these documents at the end of World War II and used them as evidence in the Nuremberg Trials. â€Å"The records and minutes of this meeting were found intact by the Allies at the end of the war and served as valuable evidence during the Nuremberg Trials. â€Å"By spring of 1942, Operation Reinhard began the systematic extermination of the Jews, although hundreds of thousands already had been killed by death squads and in mass pogroms. In Heinrich Himmlers speech at the Posen Conference of October 6, 1943, Himmler, for the first time, clearly elucidated to all assembled leaders of the Reich, in frank and brutal terms, what the "Final Solution" referred to† (Wikipedia, 2008, p. 1). The Final Solution was the Nazi’s plan to